Tag Archives: Mooltipass

This open source box will measures capacitance and leakage current


OpenCVMeter is an open source tool to measure capacitance and leakage current as a function of a capacitor’s working voltage.


When designing circuits, many hobbyists take capacitors for granted, but as it turns out, not all are created equal. Each type (ceramic multi-layer, aluminum electrolytic, tantalum, mica, etc.) has its own unique properties. Nowadays, ceramic capacitors are the most commonly used ones in the industry, yet many can lose up to 80% of their rated capacitance near their voltage ratings. This can be a problem.

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This is something that one Swiss engineer set out to solve. The project is the brainchild of Mathieu Stephan, a project manager on the Hackaday-influenced Mooltipass offline password keeper

“Not every electronics enthusiast knows that a ceramic capacitor’s capacitance changes with the voltage you apply to it. This can be particularly annoying when designing RC filters or DC/DC power supplies” Stephan explains. “You might therefore think your capacitor’s value is 10uF when it actually is 1.8uF because of the way you’re using it. Moreover, the graph displayed above isn’t so easy to find in a capacitor’s datasheet… and it sometimes simply isn’t there.”

Cognizant of this, the OpenCVMeter is an open source tool that measures capacitance and leakage current as a function of a capacitor’s working voltage. This meter is capable of providing an accurate capacitance versus voltage characterization within 1%.

There are many scenarios where capacitance is critical to the correct functioning of the circuit, including analog RC filters (signal processing, audio applications), DC-to-DC power supply design, and decoupling applications to name just a few.

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In some cases, a lower than specified capacitance may lead to sporadic hardware bugs, or in the extreme, a non-working device. According to Stephan, OpenCVMeter will give you the information you need to make sure this doesn’t happen in your next prototype. Additionally, the OpenCVMeter can measure currents up to 12.4uA with a resolution of 6nA, which can be extremely useful when designing ultra low-power gadgets.

For instance, Stephan notes that you could use the OpenCVMeter to verify that all your passive components, adhere to their leakage specifications, and ensure your device has maximum battery life.

What’s nice is that the OpenCVMeter doesn’t require any drivers and works right out of the box with your Windows, Linux or Mac computer. This allows you to set the maximum voltage when characterizing capacitance or leakage current, specify the number of points for the generated curve, save the curve data points to a .CSV file, use the OpenCVMeter as a standard capacitance meter, as well as easily upgrade your unit’s firmware.

In terms of hardware, the OpenCVMeter is entirely open source and built around the mighty ATXmega16A4u. These electronics are housed inside a grey anodized aluminum enclosure. It has two standard banana sockets, and comes with SMD tweezers, test hook cables and a current calibration kit consisting of three resistors.

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This portable box can evaluate the capacitance of a part over a voltage range from 1.3 to 15.5V. By attaching the SMD tweezers or test clips to a capacitor, the OpenCVMeter ramps up the voltage and computes the capacitance of the part through the test cycle. This data is then sent over to a Chrome app, where a graph of a cap’s ability is displayed on the screen.

Interested? Head over to the OpenCVMeter’s Kickstarter campaign, where Stephan is currently seeking $9,959. Delivery is set for February 2016. Those wishing to learn more about its inner workings can also check out the engineer’s writeup here.

Rewind: 14 pocket-sized projects of 2014

And who said big things can’t come in small packages?


A CD-sized printer you can take anywhere

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Think printing is boring? Tedious? Annoying? You may want to check those thoughts at the door after checking out this portable, handheld printer from a team of students from Lev, the Jerusalem College of Technology. The young Makers — who together launched ZUta Labs — have debuted a revolutionary little gadget. The appropriately named Pocket Printer is an untethered robot comparable in size to a CD case that features a set of omni wheels and a printer cartridge tethered to an [Atmel based] Arduino board. Once placed down, the device begins to run along the paper, using its aforementioned wheels and a high-res optical sensor to move around, distributing ink wherever it’s needed. For multi-paged documents, simply pick up the printer and put it onto the the next blank sheet of paper.


A drone that can fold up into your front pocket

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Developed by Maker Jason Lam along with his team at San-Francisco based AeriCam, the Anura is a flying quadcopter that can be folded into approximately the size of an iPhone 6. The portable drone connects with iOS and Android smartphones via Wi-Fi. Equipped with a built-in microcamera, Anura offers a live aerial view on the screen of the connected smartphone, which also serves as its remote control. In addition, the flying apparatus can soar within a range of 80-feet with a flight time of around 10 minutes per charge and a top speed of 25 MPH. The pocket-sized UAV hopes to pack some other functionalities as well, including auto take-off, auto land, return home and follow phone.


An entire band in your pants

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Ever catch yourself drumming on your thighs? Your table? Your desk? Your steering wheel? Now, starting a one-man band is as simple as wearing this musical kit. As seen on Kickstarter and ABC’s Shark Tank, DrumPants transform one’s trousers into a full ensemble with 100+ built-in high-quality sounds. Though the DrumPants were designed with music in mind, the sensors do provide additional uses — they can reprogrammed to trigger actions within a wide variety of apps, ranging from answering their phone, to playing a streaming video, to controlling a game. In addition, its control box is powered by an Atmel | SMART ARM Cortex-M3-based MCU and features an ultra-low latency Bluetooth 4.0 chip, an embedded sound engine for 1/8-inch headphone jack, 128 instrument sample banks and a Micro-USB for connection to a laptop or PC.


A Tetris-playing business card



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Safe to say, you’ve never seen a business card like this before. Created by Maker Kevin Bates, Arduboy is an uber-mini handheld game console powered by an ATmega328P. The device, which is roughly a millimeter and a half thick and apparently packs nearly 10 hours of battery life, is equipped with a 1.3″ OLED display, capacitive touch buttons and a piezo-electric speaker. In essence, it is a digital business card which features a built-in Tetris (and Pokemon) game and several control buttons.


An open-source offline password keeper

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In the wake of recent breaches, the need for two-factor authentication is more apparent than ever before. And, while log-ins and passwords are critical elements required to access the sites and services we use on a daily basis, remembering complex credentials can be quite difficult. So, in an effort to minimize the number of ways a password could be compromised, the Hackaday community recently devised an offline password keeper called Mooltipass. The crew selected an ATmega32U4 MCU to power the device, which also boasts an easy-to-read OLED screen, a read-protected smart card (AT88SC102) and Flash memory to store encrypted passwords.


A portable breathalyzer that has your BAC

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Developed by the team at Edge Tech Labs, DrinkMate is a lipstick-sized breathalyzer that plugs directly into your smartphone. The project recently completed a successful Kickstarter campaign, where it garnered well over its original $40,000 goal. Unlike those of the past, the world’s smallest breathalyzer — which measures 1.8″ long x 0.62″ in diameter — works in conjunction with the Android phone’s app and displays his or her blood alcohol content (BAC) results instantly with no calibration, no mouthpiece and no battery. A user simply inserts one end of Atmel based DrinkMate into a phone’s microUSB port, while blowing into the other end. BAC results are then displayed instantly.


A Polaroid printer for your smartphone

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Have you ever browsed through your smartphone pics and wished you could print copies in a moment’s notice? A new device, aptly named SnapJet, is now making that a reality. The open-source, instant-film printer uses Polaroid technology to let users wirelessly print their photos directly from a smartphone. Impressively, the SnapJet doesn’t require any mobile app, wires, or other connections, such as Wi-Fi, NFC or even Bluetooth. Driven by an AT90USB1286, the SnapJet also features an OLED display and other connectivity options — like USB and BLE — just in case you feel the need retouch a few pics, or for those Makers out there, the urge to reprogram or hack the open-source device.


A handheld air quality monitor

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Designed by the Brooklyn-based HabitatMap team, AirBeam is a portable, palm-sized system for mapping, graphing and crowdsourcing air pollution in real-time as you make your way around city streets. While the wearable instrument may not purify the air, it does enable you to monitor what you are breathing in, thereby increasing your awareness of the budding issue. As its creators note, pollution is among the leading causes of chronic illnesses as well as contributor to a number of terminal illnesses. In an effort to share and improve the atmosphere, the ATmega32U4 based AirBeam uses a light scattering method to take regular measurements of fine particular matter (also known as PM2.5), convert the data into a more digestible form and relay it to its companion smartphone app via Bluetooth. The Android app then maps and logs the data in real-time.


A tracker for your environment

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Wearables? More like air-ables! While a majority of the wearable tech space has been focused on tracking what’s inside our bodies such as activity and stress levels, a new kind of device is emerging, one in which monitors what’s going on outside of us — specifically in our environment. Similar to the aforementioned AirBeam handset, TZOA is capable of measuring air pollution and UV exposure in one’s immediate environment using advanced sensor technology. The tiny, round tracker is equipped with optical laser sensors that keep tabs on air quality, UV light, humidity, and temperature — all of which transmit data to a companion smartphone app via Bluetooth to quantify the environment around the wearer. Using this information, the wearer can determine whether they need to open a window, step outside to catch a few rays, or simply take a different route on their way to the office.


An all-in-one prototyping gadget

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Fresh of a successful crowdfunding campaign, Makers Pamungkas Prawisuda Sumasta and Ralf Smit have created the first all-in-one Arduino-compatible prototyping gadget. While its form-factor is rather convenient, its hackability and wide-range of applications is where the so-called Phoenard truly sets itself apart. The gadget, which is powered by an ATmega2560, not only sits perfectly in your hand but can slide quite easily into your pocket. The 11.8 x 6.1 x 1.1 cm device boasts a full-color touchscreen display and an on-board battery, and is even equipped with its own operating environment. Given its incredible versatility, the self-programmed Phoenard is bound to make every true Maker’s dream a reality. As its creators note, the prototyping platform can be used as the ‘brain’ of any DIY Project. Unlike an Arduino, Phoenard encompasses several features built entirely into a single unit, which can also serve as your daily mobile device. Sure, you can buy a smartphone, but wouldn’t it be even more awesome to devise your own?


A gaming console that’s smaller than your credit card

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Developed by National Engineering School of Saint-Etienne student Aurélien Rodot, Gamebuino is a retro-inspired, pocket-sized game console built around an ATmega328. No larger than a credit card, the successfully crowdfunded device gives a whole new meaning to portable gaming. With its metallic and vintage appearance, it will surely spark up some technostalgia of the Gameboy Advance of the early 2000s. According to its creators, Gamebuino is a true turnkey solution that enables Makers of all ages to begin creating their own 8-bit games — even those with very little programming knowledge. Advanced users will take comfort in knowing that the device is open-source, hackable and expandable.


Another open-source 8-bit gaming console you’ll love

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In honor of Game Boy’s 25th birthday, the Microduino Studio team debuted the Microduino-Joypad, an 8-bit multi-functional game console capable of playing all-time classics ranging from Tetris to Snake. The open-source gadget allows Makers to relive some of their greatest childhood memories of clicking away at those giant buttons on a vintage Nintendo handheld. Based on both ATmega328P and ATmega644PA MCUs, the Joypad can be used for everything, from controlling a quadcopter to playing a few levels of the latest Angry Birds installment.


An interactive near-eye display

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A group of researchers from Nokia and a number of universities have come together to design a gadget that has the same benefits of Google Glass, while eradicating the need to wear them around one’s face. The device, which is tethered to an Epson Android computer and an Arduino Pro Mini (ATmega168), provides an eye-level display for quick, discreet access. Named after the small magnification tool commonly used by jewelers, Loupe is described by its creators as a novel interactive device with a near-eye virtual display similar to head-up display glasses. With its cylindrical shape, the chapstick-sized gadget can be held up to one’s eye when a user wants to check their Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and such. When not in use, the device can easily be stowed away in a pocket or worn like a pendant necklace.


An open-source radiation detector

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Developed by AeroSplice, the APOC Pro is an advanced open-source Gamma particle and X-ray radiation detector powered by an ATmega328. The device logs data onto a microSD card in a readable format, which is later analyzed using a custom web application and displayed to other users located throughout the world.

Mooltipass is an open-source offline password keeper


This portable device is like Post-It notes on a monitor, but much more secure.


In the wake of the latest string of security attacks, the necessity for two-factor authentication is clearer than ever before. And, while log-ins and passwords are critical elements required to access the sites and services we use on a daily basis, remembering complex credentials can be quite difficult. In an effort to minimize the number of ways a password could be compromised, the Hackaday community recently devised an offline password keeper aptly named Mooltipass.

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Having successfully garnered $109,112 on Indiegogo, the portable device is described by its 30-plus creators as “a physical encrypted password keeper that remembers your credentials so you don’t have to.” Meanwhile, a personal PIN-locked smart card is equipped for each user to gain access to stored credentials. Upon visiting a website, the pocket-sized Mooltipass will ask for confirmation to enter one’s unique credentials when log-in is required.

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Its team — which is made up of Makers spanning across the entire globe — selected an ATmega32U4 MCU to power the offline password keeper, which also boasts an easy-to-read OLED screen, a read-protected smart card (AT88SC102) and Flash memory to store encrypted passwords.

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“The ATmega32U4 is the same microcontroller [found] in the Arduino Leonardo, allowing us to use the numerous libraries that have been developed for it. In the final schematics, we’ll add an expansion connector so users may connect additional peripherals (we may switch to a FOUR4 layers PCB at this point),” project manager Mathieu Stephan explained in an earlier post. “The microcontroller’s USB lines are protected from ESD by the IP4234CZ6. For encrypted password storage, we found the cheap 1Mbit AT45DB011D FLASH which also has 2/4/16Mbits pin compatible versions. If our beta testers find that 1Mbit is not enough, upgrading the Mooltipass would be easy.”

As noted above, Atmel’s AT88SC102 was chosen to be the secure smart card, which offers 1024bits read/write protected EEPROM. In terms of the display, the team says it has temporarily for the OLED screen, although the creation of another mooltipass version with an IPS LCD is more than likely. Given that the device is intended for many different users, the normal-sized OLED screen provides great readability, and therefore, better user experience.

“The Mooltipass emulates a standard USB keyboard, and can therefore type your passwords for you on Windows, Linux, Mac and even most Apple and Android devices (through the USB On-The-Go port). It doesn’t need any special drivers to function. Integration with websites is done via a Google Chrome plugin and we are working to implement plugins for other major browsers. While all password recall functionality is done through the Mooltipass device, credential management is done through a dedicated application.”

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As its page highlights, how the Mooltipass works is fairly simple:

  • Plug the device into a computer/tablet/phone. (No driver is required.)
  • Insert smartcard, unlock it with PIN. (Without the PIN, the card is useless.)
  • Visit a website that requires a log-in. (If using its browser plugin, the Mooltipass asks your permission to send the stored credentials, or asks a user to save/generate new ones if logging in for the first time.)
  • If not using the browser plugin or are logging in on something other than a web browser, a user can tell the Mooltipass to send the correct log-in and password. (It will typed in, just like a keyboard.)

The Mooltipass is enumerated as a composite HID keyboard/proprietary device. Credentials are sent over the HID proprietary channel when using the browser plug-in and over the keyboard channel when using the Mooltipass through its AT42QT2120 based touch interface.

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Each Mooltipass is shipped with two smart cards, which allow a user to make a duplicate of their primary card for backup. Similarly, you can securely backup the credentials stored in your Mooltipass on your computer to protect them from loss.

In addition, the team says that anyone can easily convert their Mooltipass into an Arduino platform by using a knife or similar utensil. The device boasts Arduino headers that will enable any ‘duino shield to be connected to it. “Hence, we made the Mooltipass as small as possible while keeping its great features… Projects are only limited by your imagination, when combining our on-board peripherals with standard Arduino shields which can be purchased on the Internet.”

The project is open-source with its code readily accessible on Github, surely giving a boost to its security claims. After all, its team believes that “great security can only be achieved through complete transparency.”

Interested in learning more about Mooltipass? You can head over to its official crowdfunding page, as well as can find a detailed breakdown of the device here. The password keeper is currently being prepared for production which is slated to begin in March 2015.

“A few days ago we had the awesome surprise to receive 250 ATmega32U4 MCUs together with 250 AT42QT2120 touch sensing ICs. We would therefore like to thank the awesome Atmel team in Norway who wanted to support our completely transparent and open-source device! We are extremely grateful,” Mathieu recently shared.

Securing offline passwords with Atmel MCUs

Over the past few months, Bits & Pieces has featured a number of DIY offline password keepers built around Atmel microcontrollers (MCUs).

First up is the official HackADay Mooltipass. Powered by Atmel’s ATmega32U4, the device is equipped with an easily readable screen, a read-protected smart-card (AT88SC102) and flash memory to store encrypted passwords.

Next up is the USBPass. Designed by a Maker named Josh, the platform comprises an ATmega32U2 MCU, USB connector, three buttons and a few passives chips. Like the Mooltipass, the USBPass is connected to a computer via USB and read as an HID keyboard.

The latest Atmel-powered offline password keeper to surface in the Maker community and on the HackADay website? Cyberstalker’s ATMega32U4-packing Final Key, which includes a single button and LED, all neatly enclosed in a 3D printed case.

According to HackADay’s Mathieu Stephan, the Final Key is linked to the host computer via USB and recognized as a composite comm device/HID keyboard, requiring Windows-based devices to install drivers.

“AES-256 encrypted passwords are stored on the device and can only be accessed once the button has been pressed and the correct 256 bit password has been presented through the command line interface,” Stephan explained. “Credentials management and access are also [executed by] the latter.”

Interested in learning more about the ATMega32U4-powered Final Key? You can check out the project’s official page here.

Storing passwords with the ATmega32U2

Earlier this month, the HackADay crew confirmed that it had chosen Atmel’s ATmega 32U4 microcontroller (MCU) to power an offline password keeper known as “Mooltipass.”

As it turns out, a Maker by the name of Josh is working on a similar offline password keeper, albeit with an ATmega32U2 instead of the 32U4.

Like the Mooltipass, the USBPass is connected to a computer via USB and read as an HID keyboard. Aside from the ATmega32U2, the platform is equipped with a minimal amount of components, including a USB connector, three buttons and a few passives chips.

“A total of 20 passwords can be stored in the microcontroller’s memory, which can be ‘typed’ by the platform using the push buttons,” explained HackADay’s Mathieu Stephan.

On the software side, the USBPass firmware is based around the LUFA USB stack, to which Josh added HID report functionality to facilitate data transfer from his desktop application.

“The latter uses the Linux/Windows/OS X HID API library so bringing his software to other operating systems can be done in no time,” Stephan added.

Although the current version of the USBPass is pretty sweet indeed, Josh says he is working on a second iteration of the platform which will likely boast an OLED screen.

Interested in learning more about the Atmel-powered USBPass? You can check out the project’s official page here and the relevant GitHub files here.

Atmel powers HackADay’s (offline) Password Keeper

The HackADay crew has chosen Atmel’s ATmega 32U4 microcontroller (MCU) to power its offline password keeper. Known as “Mooltipass,” the platform is also equipped with an easily readable screen, a read-protected smart-card (AT88SC102) and flash memory to store encrypted passwords.

Atmel’s ATmega 32U4 is the same microcontroller [found] in the Arduino Leonardo, allowing us to use the numerous libraries that have been developed for it. In the final schematics, we’ll add an expansion connector so users may connect additional peripherals (we may switch to a FOUR4 layers PCB at this point),” explained HackADay’s Mathieu Stephan. “The microcontroller’s USB lines are protected from ESD by the IP4234CZ6. For encrypted password storage, we found the cheap 1Mbit AT45DB011D FLASH which also has 2/4/16Mbits pin compatible versions. If our beta testers find that 1Mbit is not enough, upgrading the Mooltipass would be easy.”

As noted above, Atmel’s AT88SC102 was chosen to be the secure smart-card, which offers 1024bits read/write protected EEPROM. In terms of the display, Stephan says the team has temporarily opted for the OLED screen shown in the picture above, although the creation of another mooltipass version with an IPS LCD is more than likely.

“These components choices made the voltages electronics fairly simple. The whole solution is powered by the ~5V coming from the USB, and the ~3.3V required by both the flash and the display is provided by the ATmega32U4 internal LDO regulator (~55mA @ 3.0 to 3.6V),” Stephan continued.

“The +12V also needed by the display is generated by a $1 regulated charge pump DC-DC converter. If we had to use a conventional step-up, the component count (and cost) would be much higher. Notice that we put a P-MOSFET in series with the latter as the output voltage when the DC-DC is not working is not 0V but VCC (here +5V). We also used another P-MOSFET to switch the power supply going to the smart card.”

In addition, the HackADay crew selected two resistor networks R6&R7 as voltage dividers to transform 5V signals to 3.3V.

“Fortunately, the ATmega32U4 can receive LVTTL signals, so we don’t need level shifters to get the data coming from the 3.3v-powered flash memory,” he added.

Interested in learning more about the Atmel-powered Mooltipass? You can check out the project’s official dedicated Google Group page here.